The unusual heat of these days follows a 2022 that has now been officially certified as the warmest year ever recorded in Italy, with an average temperature 1.15 degrees higher and 30% less rainfall than the historical norm of 1991-2020. This is the conclusion of COLDIRETTI's research of the upgraded ISAC CNR database, which detects temperatures since 1800. The climatic anomaly was most visible in northern Italy, where the temperature was 1.37 degrees higher than typical and the water shortage was 40%, wreaking havoc on the environment, agriculture, winter tourist, and city pollution. The impacts are also obvious in 2023 with the major lakes, whose filling percentages range from 17% for Lake Como to 24% for Lake Maggiore to 34% for Lake Garda, while the hydrometric level of the Po River at Ponte della Becca has dropped to -2.9 meters and there is also the scarce water potential stored as snow in the Alpine and Apennine arc. The Alps and the Apennines are expected to get a lot of rain and snow in the next few days, which will save them from drought. This is because Italy got about 50 billion cubic meters less rain last year, and the unusually warm January sent nature into a tailspin, leading to strange blooms and putting crops at risk of dying when it got cold again. The tendency toward overheating is emphasized in Italy, where the list of the warmest years in the previous two centuries is focused in the recent decade and includes 2018, 2015, 2014, 2019, and 2020 in the order following 2022. Climate change has been accompanied by an obvious propensity to tropicalization, which displays itself in an increase in the frequency of severe events such as droughts, storms, water bombs, hailstorms, windstorms, and tornadoes.
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