On March 23, 1944, on the day fascism celebrated its founding 25 years earlier, a group of partisans killed in a bomb attack on Rome's Via Rasella 32 soldiers of the Bozen battalion (and one Italian child) and wounded 110 more (one of whom would die in the following hours). Nazi retaliation was not long in coming. Hitler's order was to shoot ten Italians for every German soldier killed. The next day the massacre of the Fosse Ardeatine was carried out, led by Colonel Herbert Kappler, assisted by Captain Erik Priebke: 335 men were each shot in the back of the head. These are two tragic pages of history that, in addition to a very rich bibliography, have also been recounted by theater, music and film. Ascanio Celestini re-enacted in some touching monologues the Via Rasella bombing and the hours leading up to the massacre of the Fosse Ardeatine. Gabriella Ferri performed the song "Via Rasella," written together with Ennio Morricone, who in 1973 had already composed the soundtrack for the film "Massacre in Rome," dedicated to the massacre of the Fosse Ardeatine, starring Marcello Mastroianni and Richard Burton.