It is in 2023 that the most significant gap between the North and the South of Italy in the last decade would have been consummated by totaling the maximum value (100 points) compared to 2013 (92.5 points) of the Index of Economic and Social Gap (INDES) devised by Demoskopika on the basis of seven indicators: employment, unemployment, household disposable income, life expectancy, health, per capita wealth and poverty. The choice of the set of indicators used was adopted on the basis of some very specific criteria: findability of the historical series of the data, officiality or authoritativeness of the sources, and socio-economic relevance of the indicator. As a result, while on the one hand, the distance of employment and unemployment rates between the North and the South reaches an all-time low (or nearly so) over the period considered, respectively from 22.4% in 2013 to 21.2% in 2023 for the former indicator and from 11.5% in 2013 to 9.4% in 2023 for the latter indicator, on the other hand, there is no shortage of, indeed preponderant, "negative reactions" to most of the indicators identified.
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