In 2023, 4,384,044 foreign citizens—both EU and non-EU nationals—were registered in INPS databases.  Among them, 3,820,718 (87.2%) are active workers, 319,456 (7.3%) are retirees, and 243,870 (5.6%) receive income support benefits. 73.9%, or 3.2 million individuals, come from non-EU nations, 6.5%, or 283 thousand, from EU15 EU members, and 19.6%, or 859 thousand, from the remaining EU countries. These insights were provided by the INPS Observatory on Foreigners. According to the analysis by country in 2023, the main countries of origin of foreigners are Romania, with 706 thousand people (16.1% of the total number of foreigners detected by the Institute's archives), Albania, with nearly 428 thousand people (9.8%), Morocco, with 342 thousand (7.8%), China, with 223 thousand (5.1%), and Ukraine, with 217 thousand (5.0%). The male gender dominates among foreign citizens (56.7%), but there are significant differences between countries, with maximum values in Pakistan (94.6%), Bangladesh (93.7%), Egypt (92.0%), Senegal (82.8%), India (78.0%), and Morocco (71.3%) and minimum values in Ukraine (20.8%), Moldova (33.3%), Peru (40.7%), and the Philippines (42.5%).